Between 600 and 500 BC the Greeks arrived and settled on the costal strip of Southern of France. Although vines already existed in Provénce, it was the Greeks who introduced systematic growing and pruning techniques. Those who built Marseille (Massalia) spread vines all along on the Mediterranean Seaside. The Greek wine trade was so extensive that the amphorae (jars used for shipping wine) in one area near the River Saone held between 5 and 10 thousands litres of wine. This ancient wine trade was one of the fundamental reasons that Marseille was to become one of the greatest trading cities of the Mediterranean. In approximately 400 – 300 BC, the Celts began to invade Provénce, and inter-bred with the Ligurians resulting in the Celto-Ligurians. While Nice (Nikaia), Antibes (Antipolis) and Villefranche were founded by the Massaliotes (Greeks of Marseille), who planted grapes and olives. Between 200 and 100 BC, following an appeal from Marseille for protection against raiding tribes, the Romans arrived and installed garrisons in the region, Which Caesar named 'Provincia'. The Romans initially used the region as a passage way to their Iberian territories, but Provénce itself soon became highly useful for them, soon becoming one of the premier and most Romanised provinces of the Roman Empire. Their influence lasted six centuries and the city of Aix became the capital of Provincia Romana. By the 5th centry Rome's Empire was crumbling. The barbarians invaded Provénce frequently, and both Nice and Cimiez were destroyed. In the 6th century the Romans pulled back out back out of Provénce, which had fared badly due to the repeated invasions it suffered. The first invaders were the Visigoths, who were followed by the Ostrogoths, the Saxons and eventually the Lombard's. Then the Franc's invaded in the 7th century. During the 8th and 9th they ravaged Nice and surrounding towns(Vence, La Turbie ECT). In the 10th century the Feudal era began with the Counts of Provénce emerging as rulers and introduced period of prosperity that translated into wealth of medieval architecture. They made it peaceful in Provénce by building defences, starting with 'Saracen Towers' to watch out for Saracens and castles were built on isolated summits. In the 12th century perched villages were built, so the lords could gather the population around their castle, in the 13th century the villages were fortified. From the middle ages, Provénce's economy was based on the trade of vines and wine. It began with the production of mass wine, which was mostly profitable for the abbeys. In 14th century Comte de Nice was established (1388); which lasted for 5 centuries. Following tha Papal split, the Catholic Church ended up with one Pope living in Avignon and the other in Rome. The wine of Provénce, by order of the Duke of Bourgogne, was produced for both the Pope's and the King of France. Contrary to a common miss-apprehension, Rosé is not a mixture of red and white wine. Rosé is the first juice of the grapes, which was reserved for the Kings, Pope and Nobility. Red wine was known as black wine, and was primarily consumed by the serving classes. White wine was almost non-existent. Provénce wine industry was booming, as various Royalties consumed Rosé all over Europe. Many of the towns and cities in Provénce's exporting areas are still well know today. Some of these include: Cassis, Colomars (close to the village Saint-Roman-de-Bellet), Beausset (overhangs Bandol), Taradeau, Draguignan, Les-Arcs, Saint Tropez and Villars-Sur-Var. The Marchioness os Sévigne, at the court of Louis XIV, praised the wines of Provénce as being 'Exquisite' In the 15th century, Provénce was attached to France (1481) on the death oh King Réné, Count of Provénce (1434-1480). But not Nice, Comté de Nice was at war with Savoy and France between 15th - 18th centuries and in the 17th century Nice became a free port. The French revolution was in the 18th century (1789) with Nice been attached to France soon after (1793). The 19th century saw the fall of Napoleon Bonoaparte's Empire (1814). The century also saw the wine industry suffer considerably. Disease such as phylloxera, polodery, mildrew of the grape vine and downy mildrew of the grape led to the destruction of a great part of the vineyards. For example, in the Var Region, the land under vines fell from 75,000 to 23,000 hectares. Consequently, production fell from 4 million to a mere 600,000 hectolitres. At the beginning of the 20th century a production quota took a step in quality of wine produced. From 1907, laws emerged that regulated the manufacture of wine. In 1930 associations having vocation of taking care on the quality of the productions are created. Finally, in 1935, a decree enacts a strict regulation which allows the wines of Bandol, Bellet, Cassis and Palette (close to Aix-en-Provénce) to become labels of controlled origin and to be recognized like such in both France and Europe and even the world.